we are all aware of the three states of matter namely solid, liquid and gas; and by now most people know about the fourth state of matter, the plasma state, as well.
But there is a state lower to all these states, the zero state of matter; called the Bose-Einstein Condensate. Physically, the BEC is just the opposite of plasma; wherein the latter the structure is infinitesimally fine, the former has an infinitesimally rigid structure. At absolute zero temperature, about -273.15 degrees Celsius, all motion stops. But at a temperature a fraction of a degree above it, the atoms rearrange to form a superatom.
Its existence was predicted by a scientist named Satyendra Bose in the 1920s, who took his work to Albert Einstein. Although Einstein recognised his work and helped him publish it, they did not have the necessary equipment at that time to prove it. In 1995, two scientists Cornell and Wieman were able to attain temperatures a few billionths of a degree above absolute zero and proved its existence using the element Rubidium.



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