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y Economic Times
Jun 6, 2009 - 10:59:54 PM

WASHINGTON: A new study has suggested that rapid, massive volcanic eruptions can change the climate enough to cause a mass extinction. An international team, led by Curtin University, has has shown that some ancient periods of massive eruptions released green house gases so quickly that they caused rapid climate change and mass extinctions.

"We have carefully dated minerals contained in the volcanic rocks and shown that only the fastest sequences of eruptions caused significant species extinctions," team leader Fred Jourdan said.

"To understand the long-term climatic and biological effects of the massive injections of greenhouse gas in the atmosphere by modern society we have to understand how climate was affected in the past," he added.

For years, a controversy has raged about whether mass extinctions over the last 550 million years were caused by the impact of giant asteroids or by huge volcanic eruptions.



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  • andora said on Jun 07, 2009....
     the earth heats because her magnetic field is at minimum and radiation is not buffeted away as it normally is.

    today, the solar emissions and gamma ray blasts are getting to the core of earth and heating this core to melt the glaciers and polar ice caps. As this happens the tectonic plates change their behavior and the volcanoes begin to release the heat and pressure from convecting magma. This is earth's balancing act -- the volcano particulates shield the earth from the heat and are capable of creating a volcanic winter. Or, in other words, the end to global warming.

    my prayer is for balance

    paleo-climatology has mapped these cycles and they began as major insults to climatic stasis (mass extinctions etc...) and are leveling out to the point that the last ice age was called the "Little Ice Age".

    If the sun stays quiet for the next solar cycle, then we will have a much better go of it.

    thankyou to my readers

    and especially to those who care to comment

    I will be gone for the week or more. for those who are interested in my thesis about the global melt water, please go here

     blessings  
  • ABOVE_TOP_SECRET said on Jun 08, 2009....

    This was great!

    Go to our "YellowStone" post.

  • mixednuts said on Jun 08, 2009....
    After reading andora and ABOVE_TOP_SECRET I think that we should all pay attention to these posts.
  • travelr712 said on Jun 08, 2009....
    there is still a rigorous debate in the scientific community as to whether it was volcanoes, comet impacts, sunspot activity, shifting magnetic poles, a combination of events or some other cause of these massive climate changes. however, it is generally agreed that the 1816 'year without a summer' was due to the mount tambora eruption in 1815, so volcanic activity can have an effect on global climate. keep in mind, this event was toward the end of the 'little ice age' which started @ 1650 and ended @ the civil war. another popular theory is that the atlantic conveyor periodically shuts down causing an ice age.
     
    one thing i did find interesting in researching the yellowstone super volcano was that the magma pocket is stationary, and the tectonic plates move across it, which have caused the numerous eruptions. major eruptions were 2.1 million years ago, 1.3 million years ago (timespan = 800,000 years) and 640,000 years ago (timespan = 660,000 years). this does not suggest a regular cycle, so there is no way to say we are or are not 'overdue'.
  • ABOVE_TOP_SECRET said on Jun 11, 2009....
    We are long overdue. Our post on "YELLOSTONE" proves this!
  • andora said on Jun 12, 2009....
    By NewScientist
    Jun 10, 2009 - 11:14:50 AM

    Is a supervolcano brewing beneath Mount St Helens? Peering under the volcano has revealed what may be an extraordinarily large zone of semi-molten rock, which would be capable of feeding a giant eruption.

    Magma can be detected with a technique called magnetotellurics, which builds up a picture of what lies underground by measuring fluctuations in electric and magnetic fields at the surface. The fields fluctuate in response to electric currents travelling below the surface, induced by lightning storms and other phenomena. The currents are stronger when magma is present, since it is a better conductor than solid rock.

    Graham Hill of GNS Science, an earth and nuclear science institute in Wellington, New Zealand, led a team that set up magnetotelluric sensors around Mount St Helens in Washington state, which erupted with force in 1980. The measurements revealed a column of conductive material that extends downward from the volcano. About 15 kilometres below the surface, the relatively narrow column appears to connect to a much bigger zone of conductive material.

    This larger zone was first identified in the 1980s by another magnetotelluric survey, and was found to extend all the way to beneath Mount Rainier 70 kilometres to the north-east, and Mount Adams 50 kilometres to the east. It was thought to be a zone of wet sediment, water being a good electrical conductor.

    However, since the new measurements show an apparent conduit connecting this conductive zone to Mount St Helens - which was undergoing a minor eruption of semi-molten material at the time the measurements were made - Hill and his colleagues now think the conductive material is more likely to be a semi-molten mixture. Its conductivity is not high enough for it to be pure magma, Hill says, so it is more likely to be a mixture of solid and molten rock.

    Gary Egbert of Oregon State University in Corvallis, who is a magnetotellurics specialist but not a member of Hill's team, is cautious about the idea of a nascent supervolcano where Mount St Helens sits. "It seems likely that there's some partial melt down there," given that it is a volcanic area, he says. "But part of the conductivity is probably just water."

    If the structure beneath the three volcanoes is indeed a vast bubble of partially molten rock, it would be comparable in size to the biggest magma chambers ever discovered, such as the one below Yellowstone National Park.

    Every few hundred thousand years, such chambers can erupt as so-called supervolcanoes - the Yellowstone one did so about 640,000 years ago. These enormous eruptions can spew enough sunlight-blocking ash into the atmosphere to cool the climate by several degrees Celsius.

    Could Mount St Helens erupt like this? "A really big, big eruption is possible if it is one of those big systems like Yellowstone," Hill says. "I don't think it will be tomorrow, but I couldn't try to predict when it would happen."

    Further measurements probing the structure of the crust beneath the other volcanoes in the area could help determine if the zone connects to them all, Hill says. He presented his team's results on 27 May at the Joint Assembly geophysics meeting in Toronto, Canada.

  • andora said on Jun 12, 2009....
    the sun has a major role in effecting/affecting the Earth's mechanics

    thanks to new science we can measure the influence of solar storms, the influence that these storms have upon earth, upon people, plants and animals. this is why I am asking all of those who read panGasm to reconsider the influence that they (as a group and as an individual) have upon the sentient beings of the earth and sun. we are known by them, it is time we came to know them

    mahalo for your aloha
  • andora said on Jun 12, 2009....
    traveler, I put the Mt. Saint Helen's post here to lend some credence to the tectonic info you posted above. That was my first thought when I learned about the magma plume under St. Helens....that the plate had moved over the top of the yellowstone plume and relocated it under Saint Helens.

    on another note, we are all having symptoms on Maui bc of the increased presence of vog (volcanic pollution). Our volcano on the big island just opened up a new vent and is choking the shit out of us. I am so glad I do not live on the Big Island. I hear that their tree's and fisheries are dying.

    I'm going abroad for a year and hope this quiets down by the time i get back!

    thanks for visiting mixednuts, ATS and traveler
  • travelr712 said on Jun 12, 2009....
    i'm not disagreeing with your assessment andora. my point really is that it has only been in the last 20 or so years that scientists, etc. have had the tool of the computer to try and make some sense of the vast amount of data it takes to even begin to understand what the techonic plates are doing in human terms. since much of the types of data necessary to create these computer models was not collected 100, or 1000 years ago, direct comparisons cannot be made, only speculative ones. i bring this point up because, and this is no attack on you because i believe you intend it this way, your posts are often alarmist. you want to bring attention to these matters, and that is fine. however, people can read them and think 'oh god, yellowstone is going to blow next week, we're all gonna die!!!'. alarmist writing has caused such things in recent past as the myth of 'man made global warming', and the iraq war. so i attempt to enter other factors into the discussion that may make them seem not so forboding when i find them. case in point. if you average the span between yellowstone eruptions, you can statistically say that this span is 600,000 years, so we are overdue. but if you look at the actual spans, you can see that they do not really occure on any regular cycle, so you cannot then say we are overdue. again, no offense intended.
  • andora said on Jun 13, 2009....
    yes my friend, my posts are alarmist!

    a global "melt-water" is nothing to take casually...there are dynamics at play today that have not been recorded in modern history. Most people only hear snippets about the actual event that are a tiny bit of the current story. These earthchanges are real and will affect the lives of people all around the world. It is time to educate ourselves about what is actually occurring - rather than to fall into the false assumption that life on earth is moving along as it normally does. In regard to humanity, the cycles that are business as usual for the earth are large cycles that are not known, except through ancient cultures and modern paleoclimatology.

    I do not fear that we will kill the planet, I get it that the planet is making some big moves (the North Pole has been on the move, accelerated melting of the poles and glaciers, etc...) These changes need to be planned for. For example, I grew up near the Cascade Mountains, where we depended upon glacier melt for our water source in the heat of summer. Those water sources are disappearing even though the populations that depend upon this resource has grown exponentially! while at the same time, the tree's that used to bring in the precipitation have been clear-cut and what was planted is now becoming diseased to the point of creating wildfire that will eventually create a desert.

    If planners were to educate themselves about these patterns, the population could make some much needed plans that accommodate their needs. I feel as though there are many who understand these emergencies, yet fail to educate those that they are planning for, fail to involve the populations in persuing their own solutions TOGETHER as a community!

    I grew up in one of the most lush forests in the world. In my short life, the forest is now gone, the rivers are dead and the food chain has been broken! ( I know this because I was an elected official whose job it was to advise government about policy regarding natural resources - I am not just speaking some popular hippie hype!)

     You may encourage your children to focus solely upon texting with pals, or learning useless past times to stave off their boredom, but I do not see this type of apathy and lack of involvement by the populace as anything other than a disaster waiting to happen.

    Understanding the earth-changes has helped me to make moves that will help my family avoid impending water shortages and famine that the US policy makers are courting. Even the bee's will not even show up for agri-business....so no, I am not Chicken Little screaming that the sky is falling. If you bothered to read my work that I offer here freely these past 3 years, you would understand what I mean when I describe INTIMIDATING FORM and how the individual and the group contribute to this constant pressure.

    I didn't make this Melt-Water up traveler, and I will continue to alert my readers to the dynamic earth-changes that ARE happening around them. Trying to help my readers to recognize human blunders that could put their family in harms way. those who are hopeless about these issues will definitely wish to put their head in the sand and buy video games for their kids to keep them quiet. Maybe you, like many others, are lulled by the illusion of stability....that kind of apathy that thinks evolution is simply a concept.

    Being aware of impending water shortages, famine and earth-changes is what those who love life are considering today....I speak to those who want to understand how to relate to intimidating form -- if you go no further than my headlines, you will not understand any of the solutions I am offering. oh well


    for those of you who do want to have an intimate understanding of INTIMIDATING FORM I offer it free here

    mahalo for your aloha traveler
  • travelr712 said on Jun 13, 2009....
    oh, i never meant to say you made the melt water, or the receding glaciers up, those are measurable facts. it is also a fact that glaciers expand and recede over time. as you said, being aware of these changes will allow us to be prepared for them. had the world in 1816 understood the effects of major volcanic eruptions and had the means to communicate globally, then they would have understood that it snowed in july because mount tambora erupted in 1815. this is important because it gives us the ability to make more informed, and therefore possibly better, choices in how to deal with these naturally occuring events that we cannot stop. will yellowstone erupt? i believe most likely yes. if we knew when, how much energy would be released and what areas would be effected, we could do things to prepare. scientists etc. of all branches are developing methods for predicting these events with reasonable accuracy. if the weather channel says it will rain in my area tomorrow between the hours of 2 and 4, most of the time, it rains between the hours of 2 and 4.
     
    i am not lulled by illusions of apathy. i understand very well the changes that happen in our world, it is not static. i take it as my personal responsibility to keep myself informed of these changes and the possible concequences. i have spent years in colleges, universities and personal research understanding math, physics, astronomy, global climate, economics, biblical history, ethics, a very wide range of subjects so i can make educated conclusions about the information i find. many people do the same. many other people don't want to worry about such things, they want to follow reality tv, sports, video games or the fine art of baking. i know this because when i try to talk to them about politics or ethics or sun spots, their eyes glaze over, they try and change the subject, or they just walk away because they're 'bored'. and actually, many of them have no clue what i'm talking about because they just don't care. i can't fault them for that tho, because i can have fine baking, see entertaining movies, watch the superbowl and go to a 'happenin bar', all of which i enjoy and would not be possible were it not for people who care more about those things than they do about global warming.
     
    those people know how to find the joy, the pleasure in life, something that is very difficult for me to do. with their help, their experience, their example, i can find that joy and pleasure in my own life. this is a great benefit to me. often times those people struggle with problems. my talents lie in solving problems. my occupations have been based on those talents all my life. so they come to me with those problems and i help them to see options, viewpoints, concequences, that they may not have seen for themselves, then they can make more informed choices for their lives. this is a great benefit to them.
     
    perhaps if one of these global crises takes place, then my knowledge and talents will help some around me to survive those crises, and that will be an even greater benefit to them. so there are those of us out there who are 'watching the skies', trading pleasure for study. there are those of us out there who are enjoying life and making it more pleasurable for everyone. we all have our parts to play.
  • mixednuts said on Jun 13, 2009....
    Alarmist yet so true!
  • andora said on Jun 14, 2009....
    i enjoyed what you wrote traveler it is balance that i perpetually dance with in a very turbulent rivulet

    my tango has wide arcs

    I have a personal relationship to the earth and sun that gives me a great sense of well-being -- i get to live in a magical realm few believe is real

    when i look upon the reality the masses had contrived I experience a motherly form of panic - thank goodness my own children listen to me about education, awareness, energetic patterns et al, bc i needed to SEE their understanding of these principles before i could begin to relax. For such a vain and self-centered woman, I have a big mother bear maternal instinct.

    my motive for education was a way of helping myself to understand that i was not crazy. all my life my family was big on trying to shut me down with the you're crazy bit....so, as a result of getting educated about what i intuitively knew, and therefore verifying my perspective through science, I could then get on with my life without all the debilitating self-doubt. self-doubt has been a curse that i have been able to rectify...however, sometimes i get a little over extended in my expressions of this bc i was purposely shut down by willfully ignorant people who do not believe in magic. i am magic, my body heals itself, it is capable of magical transformations.

    i used to suffer living with my family of origin bc of this rigidity, but once i proved to my heart that magic is actually the Laws of Nature, then i could get onto doing what i always wanted to do - get lost in the woods and be far away from violence and apathy.

    the earth will become so expressive these next years, but....i firmly believe it will show us wonders and nurturing....this is my "self-fulfilling prophecy"

    aloha 


  • andora said on Jun 14, 2009....
    I have always felt that the poor design of society was the biggest and most alarming part of humanity's problems. the earth-changes are a convenient way to get the whole world's population to realize that we are not separate -- which fits my agenda perfectly

    thanks for the words of love mixednuts
  • travelr712 said on Jun 14, 2009....
    i always liked george carlin's comment that it is the height of arrogence for humans to think we can distroy the earth. we can effect it to the point that it'll throw us off it's back and go on to create another species, hopefully more intelligent, but we can't distroy it. i saw a show last night on the history channel where some scientists are using seismic waves from earthquakes to chart the magma flows of the inner earth and map them. it helps them to make graphic models of where the plumes are, and show that some volcanic island chains were created by the same subsurface plume erupting over time. i guess what i'm saying is, with that type of technology and information at our disposal, after the next major eruption, perhaps we can better prepare ourselves for the living conditions that will follow, rather than panick. if you can see the wall before you hit it, you have the opportunity to turn.
  • andora said on Jun 14, 2009....
    i agree totally with the wall analogy

    and i saw the same show, it was another great validation to what i was seeing in my own studies

    i thought the Mars analogy was pretty convincing

    the electromagnetic field that was beautifully depicted in that show was what i wanted to see, i thought they did a great job with the graphics. Some studies that I have read about 'magnetic minimum' were suggesting that the magnetic variable is a 4 thousand year cycle. So, in the times of Christ our magnetic field was at maximum and many of the biblical earth-change prophecies must have had some type of insight into this cycle.

    At this juncture in earths cycle, she is capable of re-establishing her axis and tilt in ways that will alter the natural cycles we have been accustomed to. so, all through this flux i have been aligning with those who are part of my prayer group to request a specific climate for our next stage of evolution. we've been dreaming up some great ideas and offering them up to the sun and earth. bc after all the BIGGEST climate driver for the earth is the sun. i see them as having a romantic symbiotic relationship, bc i am grossly romantic after all ;}
  • andora said on Jun 14, 2009....
    and btw, i had conflict with their theory about how the earth keeps her dynamo heated....yes, i do agree that her turning is part and parcel of the whole equation, but, i seriously think that the sun recharges the earth's core everytime he has a solar maximum cycle that injects the earth with oodles of electromagnetic energy that keeps her perpetual

    according to the Urantia Book the earth's evolution is much less linear than was described by the scientists that made that show last night. they kept talking about the lifespan of the sun and the cooling that will eventually make the earth uninhabitable in much the same way modern scientists describe black holes as gobbling up a galaxy. these are hypothesis that were created by linear thinkers
  • travelr712 said on Jun 14, 2009....
    i agree that the earth's evolution is less linear, but i took their explaination to be more of a synopsys in order to have time for all their content. i didn't get to hear the whole thing, i was talking to someone through part of it with the sound down, so i missed their explaination of the magnetic fields, but i did see the graphics. i also missed the outcome of the machine the scientist was creating to mimic the earth's magnetic field.
     
    i also agree that the energy in the earth is replenished. if it were not, it would have run out by now, and this would be the geologically dead planet they described at the beginning. i also know that these programs leave out a lot of science, math, physics, et. al. because most people wouldn't understand those aspects, and they're trying to make the science understandable to the masses. but the graphics were really cool :-)
  • andora said on Jun 14, 2009....
    i'm happy that the masses can get science in such an appealing form bc it helps bridge the gap between the mainstream and all the genius that must verify results through peer review etc.. before speaking

    as a pseudo scientist i have great appreciation for the work being done by the real mcCoy's :]

    nice chatting with you traveler...i'm off to my church with drum in hand

    mahalo for your aloha
  • travelr712 said on Jun 14, 2009....
    it was nice chatting with you too andora, and i agree with you here. have fun at church :-)
  • D6fer said on Jul 03, 2009....
    this sure sounds more plausible than the reasoning put forth by the "cars and cow farts crowd"! ;p
  • andora said on Jul 05, 2009....
    cars and cow farts

    sounds like a rap song waiting to happen D6 :D

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