Use of
models, symbols, diagrams and pictures. Use of abstraction to simplify the effort of thinking. Use of metasyntactic variables to simplify the effort of naming. Use of iteration and recursion to converge on a concept. Limitation of attention to aid concentration and focus on a concept. Use of peace and quiet to aid concentration. Goal setting and goal revision. Simply letting the concept percolate in the subconscious, and waiting for the concept to re-surface. Talking with like-minded people. Resorting to communication with others, if this is allowed. Working backward from the goal. Desire for learning.Gregory Bodenhamer
PeopleNology
Nollijy Franklin University Research
Images may be two-
dimensional, such as a photograph, screen display, and as well as a three-dimensional, such as a statue. They may be captured by optical devices—such as cameras, mirrors, lenses, telescopes, microscopes, etc. and natural objects and phenomena, such as the human eye or water surfaces.The word image is also used in the broader sense of any two-dimensional figure such as a
map, a graph, a pie chart, or an abstract painting. In this wider sense, images can also be rendered manually, such as by drawing, painting, carving, rendered automatically by printing or computer graphics technology, or developed by a combination of methods, especially in a pseudo-photograph.A collective term for any visual information device, like the term "
illustration" often used as a representative term, to stand for the whole class of technical genres, including graphs and tables.The specific class of visual display, that show qualitative data with shapes that are connected by lines, arrows, or other visual links.
The term diagram is used in both meanings in science. For example Michael Anderson (1997) stated "diagrams are pictorial, yet abstract, representations of information, and
maps, line graphs, bar charts, engineering blueprints, and architects' sketches are all examples of diagrams, whereas photographs and video are not".
The train of thought, stream of thought, or chain of thought refers to the interconnection in the sequence of ideas expressed during a connected
discourse or thought, as well as to the sequence itself, especially in discussion how this sequence leads from one idea to another.It is sometimes referred to as
stream of consciousness, popularized by many authors, including William Burroughs, and in many films, such as Trainspotting. One could see it as a monologue inside of the character's head, and in their head as in yours, it might not flow as cogently or coherently as precisely written prose more commonly found in novels and films.When a reader or listener "loses the train of thought", i.e., loses the relation between consecutive sentences or phrases, or the relation between non-verbal concepts in an argument or presentation, they lose
comprehension of the expressed or unexpressed thought.Inability to maintain one's train of thought is among the symptoms of
thought disorder, either because of mental illness or drug abuse. Day-dreaming Nocturnal dreaming, including and especially lucid dreaming Speaking aloud (talking to oneself), reading aloud, repeating what one hears; the additional activities of speaking and hearing (in the third case of hearing again) what one thinks, reads or hears may increase concentration and retention. This is considered normal, and the extent to which it occurs varies from person to person. The time when there should be concern is when talking to oneself occurs outside of socially acceptable situations.[1] Writing (by hand, or with a wordprocessor, etc.) one's thoughts or observations: the additional activities, on top of thinking, of writing and reading back may again increase self-understanding ("How do I know what I mean until I see what I say?") and concentration. It aids ordering one's thoughts; in addition it produces a record that can be used later again. Copying text to aid memorizing also falls in this category. Making gestures while thinking: the additional activity, on top of thinking, of body motions, may again increase concentration, assist in problem solving, and assist memory. Sense-making (see Karl Weick) e.g. interpreting maps, texts, signs, and symbols Interpreting non-verbal communication (see Albert Mehrabian) e.g. gestures, eye contact Communication between body parts; e.g. "My stomach is telling me it's time for lunch."Abductive reasoning Abstract thinking Analogy Analysis Attitude Calculation Categorization Cognition Cognitive restructuring Cognitive space Cognitive style Common sense Concept Conjecture Concrete concepts Critical thinking Deductive reasoning Definition Estimation Evaluation Explanation Gestalt psychology Heuristics Historical thinking Hypothesis Idea Identification (information) Inductive reasoning Inference Instinct Intelligence Intelligence amplification Intentionality Introspection Knowledge management Language Lateral thinking Linguistics Logic Logical argument Logical assertion Meaning (linguistics) Meaning (non-linguistic) Meaning (semiotics) Mental calculation Mental function Metacognition (thinking about thinking) Mind's eye Mindset Multiple intelligences Multitasking Pattern matching Personality Picture thinking Prediction Premise Problem finding Problem shaping Problem solving Process of elimination Systems thinking Critical systems thinking Troubleshooting Proposition Rationality Reason Reasoning Self-reflection Sapience Semantic network Semantics Semiosis Semiotics Six Thinking Hats Speech act Stream of consciousness Syllogism Synectics Systems intelligence Thinkabout Thinking Thought act Thinking maps Thinking Processes Thought experiment TRIZ Visual thinking Working memory Writing
Lapses of attention are clearly a part of everyone’s life. Some are merely inconvenient, such as missing a familiar turn-off on the highway, and some are extremely serious, such as failures of attention that cause accidents, injury, or loss of life.
Beyond the obvious costs of accidents arising from lapses in attention there is lost
time, efficiency, personal productivity, and quality of life in the lapse and recapture of awareness and attention to everyday tasks. Individuals for whom intervals between lapses are very short are typically viewed as impaired.Given the prevalence of attentional failures in everyday life and the ubiquitous and sometimes disastrous consequences of such failures, it is rather surprising that relatively little work has been done to directly measure individual differences in everyday
errors arising from propensities for failures of attention.Internal monologue, also known as inner voice, internal speech, or stream of consciousness is
thinking in words. It also refers to the semi-constant internal monologue one has with oneself at a conscious or semi-conscious level.Much of what people consciously report "thinking about" may be thought of as an internal monologue, a conversation with oneself. Some of this can be considered as speech rehearsal, and it seems to be that the internal monologue is generally in the native language of the person concerned.
An internal monologue may be consciously used in order to organize thoughts to solve problems or keep track of a long list. More mysterious is subconscious internal monologue, which is thought to be used in long term memory and dreams.
Subvocalization, or silent
speech, is defined as the internal speech made when reading a word, thus allowing the reader to imagine the sound of the word as it is read.This is a natural process when reading and helps to reduce
cognitive load, and it helps the mind to access meanings to enable it to comprehend and remember what is read. Although some people associate subvocalization with moving one's lips, the actual term refers primarily to the movement of muscles associated with speaking, not the literal moving of lips. Most subvocalization is undetectable (without the aid of machines) even by the person doing the subvocalizing.Introspection is the self-observation and reporting of
conscious inner thoughts, desires and sensations. It is a conscious mental and usually purposive process relying on thinking, reasoning, and examining one's own thoughts, feelings, and, in more spiritual cases, one's soul. It can also be called contemplation of one's self, and is contrasted with extrospection, the observation of things external to one's self. Introspection may be used synonymously with self-reflection and used in a similar way.Philosophy of mind is the branch of
philosophy that studies the nature of the mind, mental events, mental functions, mental properties, consciousness and their relationship to the physical body, particularly the brain. The mind-body problem, i.e. the relationship of the mind to the body, is commonly seen as the central issue in philosophy of mind, although there are other issues concerning the nature of the mind that do not involve its relation to the physical bodyPicture thinking, visual thinking or visual/spatial learning is the common phenomenon of thinking through visual processing.
Thinking in pictures, is one of a number of other recognized forms of non-verbal thought such as
kinesthetic, musical and mathematical thinking. Multiple thinking and learning styles, including visual, kinesthetic, musical, mathematical and verbal thinking styles are a common part of many current teacher training courses.
Research by Child Development Theorist Linda Kreger Silverman suggests that less than 30% of the population strongly uses visual/spatial thinking, another 45% uses both visual/spatial thinking and thinking in the form of words, and 25% thinks exclusively in words. According to Kreger Silverman, of the 30% of the general population who use visual/spatial thinking, only a small percentage would use this style over and above all other forms of thinking, and can be said to be 'true' "picture thinkers".
While visual thinking and visual learners are not synonymous, those who think in pictures have generally claimed to be best at visual learning. Also, while preferred learning and thinking styles may differ from person to person, precluding perceptual or neurological damage or deficits diminishing the use of some types of thinking, most people (visual thinkers included) will usually employ some range of diverse thinking and learning styles whether they are conscious of the differences or not.
Introspection is the self-observation and reporting of
conscious inner thoughts, desires and sensations. It is a conscious mental and usually purposive process relying on thinking, reasoning, and examining one's own thoughts, feelings, and, in more spiritual cases, one's soul. It can also be called contemplation of one's self, and is contrasted with extrospection, the observation of things external to one's self. Introspection may be used synonymously with self-reflection and used in a similar way.Consciousness defies simple explanation. It has been defined loosely as a constellation of attributes of
mind such as subjectivity, self-awareness, sentience, and the ability to perceive a relationship between oneself and one's environment. It has been defined from a more biological and causal perspective as the act of autonomously modulating attentional and computational effort, usually with the goal of obtaining, retaining, or maximizing specific parameters (food, a safe environment, family, mates). Consciousness may involve thoughts, sensations, perceptions, moods, emotions, dreams, and an awareness of self, although not necessarily any particular one or combination of these
